ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only available treatment for the neurological involvement of disorders such as late-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), mucopolysaccharidosis type I-Hurler (MPS-IH), and X-linked cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CALD). Objective To describe survival and neurological outcomes after HSCT for these disorders. Methods Seven CALD, 2 MLD and 2 MPS-IH patients underwent HSCT between 2007 and 2014. Neurological examinations, magnetic resonance imaging, molecular and biochemical studies were obtained at baseline and repeated when appropriated. Results Favorable outcomes were obtained with 4/5 related and 3/6 unrelated donors. Two patients died from procedure-related complications. Nine transplanted patients were alive after a median of 3.7 years: neurological stabilization was obtained in 5/6 CALD, 1/2 MLD, and one MPS-IH patient. Brain lesions of the MPS-IH patient were reduced four years after HSCT. Conclusion Good outcomes were obtained when HSCT was performed before adulthood, early in the clinical course, and/or from a related donor.
RESUMO O transplante de células tronco hematopoiéticas (TCTH) é o único tratamento disponível para o envolvimento neurológico de doenças como a leucodistrofia metacromática (MLD), a mucopolissacaridose tipo I-Hurler (MPS-IH) e a adrenoleucodistrofia (CALD). Objetivos Descrever a sobrevida e os desfechos neurológicos após o TCTH nessas doenças. Métodos Sete pacientes CALD, 2 MLD e 2 MPS-IH realizaram TCTH entre 2007 e 2014. Avaliações neurológicas, ressonância nuclear magnética e estudos bioquímicos e moleculares foram feitos no baseline e repetidos quando apropriado. Resultados Desfechos favoráveis foram obtidos em 4/5 TCTH de doadores relacionados e em 3/6 não relacionados. Dois pacientes faleceram de complicações do procedimento. Nove transplantados sobreviveram após uma mediana de 3,7 anos: estabilização neurológica foi obtida em 5/6 CALD, ½ MLD e em um caso MPS-IH. As lesões encefálicas de um caso MPS-IH reduziram-se quatro anos após o TCTH. Conclusão Bons desfechos foram obtidos quando o TCTH foi feito antes da vida adulta, cedo no curso clínico e/ou a partir de um doador relacionado.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Mucopolysaccharidosis I/surgery , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/mortality , Adrenoleukodystrophy/surgery , Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic/surgery , Pedigree , Tissue Donors , Brain/pathology , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brazil/epidemiology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Mucopolysaccharidosis I/genetics , Mucopolysaccharidosis I/mortality , Age of Onset , Adrenoleukodystrophy/genetics , Adrenoleukodystrophy/mortality , Transplantation Conditioning/methods , White Matter/diagnostic imaging , Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic/genetics , Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic/mortalityABSTRACT
Molecular alterations associated with arylsulfatase A pseudodeficiency (ASA-PD) were characterized by PCR and restriction endonuclease analysis in a sample of healthy individuals from Brazil. ASA activity was also assayed in all subjects. Two individuals homozygous for the N350S and 1524+95A->G mutations were detected, corresponding to a frequency of 1.17 percent (4 of 324 alleles). The individual frequency of the N350S mutation was 20.7 percent (71 of 342 alleles) and 7.9 percent (27 of 342 alleles) for the 1524+95A->G mutation. The frequency of the ASA-PD allele in our population was estimated to be 7.9 percent. This is the first report of ASA-PD allele frequency in a South American population. In addition, the methods used are effective and suitable for application in countries with limited resources. All patients with low ASA activity should be screened for ASA-PD as part of the diagnostic procotol for metachromatic leukodystrophy
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Alleles , Cerebroside-Sulfatase/deficiency , Cerebroside-Sulfatase/genetics , Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic/enzymology , Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic/genetics , Analysis of Variance , Brazil , DNA/analysis , White People , Genotype , Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic/metabolismABSTRACT
Introducción. La leucodistrofia metacromática (LMC) es una enfermedad hereditaria autosómica recesiva, caracterizada por una anormalidad en el metabolismo de la mielina, cuyos datos neurpatológicos más importantes son: la desmielinización en el sistema nervioso central (SNC) y periférico (SNP). Caso clínico. Pacientes con LMC iniciada después del año de edad con involucramiento progresivo de las funciones neurológicas de tipo motoras, trastornos del lenguaje, atrofia óptica, y signos extrapiramidales y cerebelosos. El diagnóstico se realizó tanto por imagen de tomografía axial computada y resonancia magnética nuclear de cráneo, así como en la disminución de la arilsulfatasa A en suero y aumento en la excreción de sulfátidos en orina. El estudio histopatológico confirmó la desmielinización de la sustancia blanca y el acúmulo de material metacromático en el SNC, SNP y otros órganos. Conclusión. La LMC debe sospecharse en la infancia temprana o tardía, cuando los pacientes tienen regresión del desarrollo psicomotor asociado a deterioro progresivo de las funciones cerebrales superiores, datos piramidales, extrapiramidales, cerebrales y neuropatía periférica
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Central Nervous System/abnormalities , Cerebroside-Sulfatase/analysis , Cerebroside-Sulfatase/urine , Culture Media , Culture Media/analysis , Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic/genetics , Neurologic ManifestationsABSTRACT
De los pacientes atendidos en el Hospital General, Centro Médico La Raza, una de las entidades más frecuentes en el grupo de enfermedades neurodegenerativas es la leucodistrofia metacromática. Se trata de un padecimiento autosómico recesivo, cuyo defecto básico es la deficiencia o la disminución de la actividad de la arilsulfatasa A, lo que implica un acúmulo de sulfatocerobrosidos en la sustancia blanca del sistema nervioso central y periférico. En este trabajo se presenta una familia con dos hermanas afectadas y se describen los hallazgos clínicos, radiológicos, reurofisiológicos y de laboratorio. Se hace énfasis en la importancia de la detección de heterocigotos, del asesoramiento genético y del diagnóstico prenatal en estas familias
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Cerebroside-Sulfatase/metabolism , Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic/physiopathology , Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic/geneticsABSTRACT
Os autores descrevem um par de gêmeas monozigóticas, filhas de pais consaguíneos em segundo grau (f = 1/32), com leucodistrofia metacromática, forma infantil. A zigosidade foi determinada pelos achados obstétricos e por marcadores genéticos critocitários